Parashat Terumah
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− | '''Parshas Terumah''' is the seventh parsha in the Book of Shemos and the 7th week of Shovavim-Tat on leap years. It contains 96 pesukim. For the Haftora; King Shlomo's creation of the First Beis Hamikdash, is read. | + | '''Parshas Terumah''' is the seventh parsha in the Book of Shemos and the 7th week of Shovavim-Tat on leap years. It contains 96 pesukim. For the Haftora; King Shlomo's creation of the First Beis Hamikdash, is read. |
==The Mishkan== | ==The Mishkan== | ||
− | When Hashem first instructed Moshe to build a Mishkan he was perplexed, unsure how he could build a house big enough for Hashem's glory that fills the entire physical and spiritual worlds.<ref>Avosanue quoting Shimos Rabba 34/1</ref> Hashem informed Moshe that unlike his initial assumption, the Mishkan would be small, consisting of only 20 x 8 beams.<ref>Avosanue quoting Psikta Drav Kahana 2</ref> Hashem told Moshe to inform the Jews that it was not out of need for a | + | When Hashem first instructed Moshe to build a Mishkan he was perplexed, unsure how he could build a house big enough for Hashem's glory that fills the entire physical and spiritual worlds.<ref>Avosanue quoting Shimos Rabba 34/1</ref> Hashem then informed Moshe that unlike his initial assumption, the Mishkan would be small, consisting of only 20 x 8 beams.<ref>Avosanue quoting Psikta Drav Kahana 2</ref> Hashem told Moshe to inform the Jews that it was not out of need for a place to dwell that He wanted the Mishkan created, rather it was due to his love of the Jews that He was going to leave the existing supernal Beit Hamikdash and descend to dwell in the physical home they were building.<ref>Avosanue quoting Tanchuma Yashon Naso 19A</ref> Hearing about the 'sin of the golden calf' triggered great delight amongst the Gentile nations who were certain the Jews were now doomed for sinning only 40 days after receiving the Torah. When Hashem requested the Machtzit Hashekel collection and the building of the Mishkan, it once again raised the honor of the Jews.<ref>Avosanue quoting Psikta Rabbiti 10</ref> Having the Shechinah rest in the mishkan served as a testimony that Hashem forgave the Jews for the incident of the calf.<ref>Rashi Pikuday Shimos 38/21</ref> |
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==Donations for Mishkan== | ==Donations for Mishkan== | ||
− | Hashem tells Moshe to request donations from the Jews for | + | Hashem tells Moshe to request donations from the Jews for his honor,<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> to be used in the construction of the Mishkan which He promises to dwell in. Hashem had the angel Gavriel<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> show Moshe a rendering of the Mishkan and all its vessels during his stay on Mount Sinai and instructed him to create what he had seen. This command was applicable for all generations, where anytime a vessel had to be replaced or added, as in the case of Shlomo who added 10 tables, menoras and washing basins, it must be constructed to match the original version.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:9">Rashi Shemos 25:9</ref> |
This was one of three collection which included ... | This was one of three collection which included ... | ||
# '''Original Machtzit Hashekel collection''' - mentioned in Parshat Ki Tisa which took place right after Yom Kipor on the first year of leaving Egypt, at the start of the Mishkan building.<ref>Rashi Ki Tisa</ref> These funds were used for the creation of the Adanim.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2">Rashi Shemos 25:2</ref> | # '''Original Machtzit Hashekel collection''' - mentioned in Parshat Ki Tisa which took place right after Yom Kipor on the first year of leaving Egypt, at the start of the Mishkan building.<ref>Rashi Ki Tisa</ref> These funds were used for the creation of the Adanim.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2">Rashi Shemos 25:2</ref> | ||
+ | # '''Second Machtzit Hashekel collection''' - Taking place after the construction of the Mishkan was complete, in the month of Iyyar, on the second year of leaving Egypt,<ref>Rashi Ki Tisa</ref> around six months after the original collection and is mentioned in Parshas Bamidbor.<ref>Rashi Ki Tisa</ref> These funds were used for purchasing public sacrifices.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2"/> | ||
# '''Mishkan collection'''<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2"/> - Unlike the other two collections where each person had to donate a mandatory set amount regardless of his situation, the 'Mishkan collection' allowed each person to donate voluntarily, as he willed, according the goodness of his heart.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:3">Rashi Shemos 25:3</ref> Donations from Gentiles were not accepted.<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> Submissions had to be handed to a committee of at least two officials.<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> | # '''Mishkan collection'''<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2"/> - Unlike the other two collections where each person had to donate a mandatory set amount regardless of his situation, the 'Mishkan collection' allowed each person to donate voluntarily, as he willed, according the goodness of his heart.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:3">Rashi Shemos 25:3</ref> Donations from Gentiles were not accepted.<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> Submissions had to be handed to a committee of at least two officials.<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> | ||
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The following materials were requested, all to be used for the construction of the Mishkan or the priestly garments<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2"/>… | The following materials were requested, all to be used for the construction of the Mishkan or the priestly garments<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:2"/>… | ||
− | # '''Gold''' – | + | # '''Gold''' – for its many uses in the construction of the Mishkan |
− | # '''Silver''' - All silver used for the actual Mishkan came from the original Machtzit Hashekel collection were each individual had to give an equal amount of half a shekel.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:3"/> This was solely used for the creation of the Adanim sockets of the Kirashim and courtyard Amudim pillars as well as their hooks | + | # '''Silver''' - All silver used for the actual Mishkan came from the original Machtzit Hashekel collection were each individual had to give an equal amount of half a shekel.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:3"/> This was solely used for the creation of the Adanim sockets of the Kirashim and courtyard Amudim pillars as well as their hooks. This independent collection yielded 100 kikraim and 1775 shekels of silver, the 100 kikrim were used for the sockets and the remaining shikalim for the hooks.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> Although it was possible to donate silver in the 'Mishkan collection', these donations were only used for Kli Shares (secondary service vessels)<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:3"/> and not for the main vessels themselves.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> |
# '''Copper''' – for use in the external alter, copper foot sockets of courtyard beams ect… | # '''Copper''' – for use in the external alter, copper foot sockets of courtyard beams ect… | ||
# '''Blue dyed wool''' – Dye was extracted from the Chilazon,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:4">Rashi Shemos 25:4</ref> a certain type of marine creature that ascends from the sea once every seventy years.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> Its color was light blue like that of the sky.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> | # '''Blue dyed wool''' – Dye was extracted from the Chilazon,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:4">Rashi Shemos 25:4</ref> a certain type of marine creature that ascends from the sea once every seventy years.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> Its color was light blue like that of the sky.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> | ||
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These totaled 13 items, as the olive oil and spices were not counted since they were not needed for the actual construction of the Mishkan, only to execute its services once it had been created.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto Footnote</ref> During the ‘sin of the golden calf’ the Jews lost thirteen spiritual garments. They now managed to rectify this element of the flaw and earned them back through the donation of the thirteen construction materials.<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> | These totaled 13 items, as the olive oil and spices were not counted since they were not needed for the actual construction of the Mishkan, only to execute its services once it had been created.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto Footnote</ref> During the ‘sin of the golden calf’ the Jews lost thirteen spiritual garments. They now managed to rectify this element of the flaw and earned them back through the donation of the thirteen construction materials.<ref>Baal Haturim</ref> | ||
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==Aron== | ==Aron== | ||
− | The Aron was constructed from Shittim wood and was 2.5 cubits long, 1.5 cubits wide and 1.5 cubits tall. It did not rest on legs and was shaped like a large chest<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:10">Rashi Shemos 25:10</ref> that sat on its base with an opening on its upper side. Bitzalel created three independent boxes each containing four sides, a bottom panel and open on top. Each box was slightly larger than the next. The largest box was made from pure gold, the midsized one was composed of shittim wood and the smallest was also from gold. He then placed the wood box in the middle, sandwiched by the outer and inner gold boxes. This left the wood completely covered, aside from the top ledge which Bitzalel also preceded to coat with gold.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:11">Rashi Shemos 25:11</ref> The luchos were then placed inside the aron, this had to be done before the first covering with the kapores.<ref>Rashi Shemos 25:21</ref> The aron was kept in the Kodesh HaKodashim and was the only vessel not replicated by King Shlomo when he built the Beit Hamikdash. | + | The Aron was constructed from Shittim wood and was 2.5 cubits long, 1.5 cubits wide and 1.5 cubits tall. It did not rest on legs and was shaped like a large chest<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:10">Rashi Shemos 25:10</ref> that sat on its base with an opening on its upper side. Bitzalel created three independent boxes each containing four sides, a bottom panel and open on top. Each box was slightly larger than the next. The largest box was made from pure gold, the midsized one was composed of shittim wood and the smallest was also from gold. He then placed the wood box in the middle, sandwiched by the outer and inner gold boxes. This left the wood completely covered, aside from the top ledge which Bitzalel also preceded to coat with gold.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:11">Rashi Shemos 25:11</ref> The luchos were then placed inside the aron, this had to be done before the first covering with the kapores.<ref>Rashi Shemos 25:21</ref> The aron was kept in the Kodesh HaKodashim and was the only vessel not replicated by King Shlomo when he built the Beit Hamikdash. |
===Keter=== | ===Keter=== | ||
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==Shulchan== | ==Shulchan== | ||
− | The shulchan was a table created from shittim wood which was plated in gold. It was 2 cubits long, 1 cubit wide and 1.5 cubits tall, including the height of its legs together with the thickness of its top.<ref>Rashi Shemos 25:23</ref> This table was then used to hold the Lechem Hapanim which was kept in gold 'Ke'aros' pans which were in turn held above the Shulchan with the 'Kashtot' bars supported by the 'Minakiyos' vertical shelve boards. The length of the Lechem Hapanim laid across the width of the Shulchan, with its length holding two loaves of Lechem Hapanim. There were six layers totaling twelve loaves of bread | + | The shulchan was a table created from shittim wood which was plated in gold. It was 2 cubits long, 1 cubit wide and 1.5 cubits tall, including the height of its legs together with the thickness of its top.<ref>Rashi Shemos 25:23</ref> This table was then used to hold the Lechem Hapanim which was kept in gold 'Ke'aros' pans which were in turn held above the Shulchan with the 'Kashtot' bars supported by the 'Minakiyos' vertical shelve boards. The length of the Lechem Hapanim laid across the width of the Shulchan, with its length holding two loaves of Lechem Hapanim. There were six layers totaling twelve loaves of bread. The Shulchan was located in the north side of the Ohel Moed. |
===Misgeret=== | ===Misgeret=== | ||
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All accessories of the Shulchan were made from pure gold. | All accessories of the Shulchan were made from pure gold. | ||
* '''Pans / Ke'arot''' - These were template pans shaped like the Lechem HaPanim,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29">Rashi Shemos 25:29</ref> used hold it after it was baked, so it's shape would not ruin. The Lechem HaPanim was baked each Friday in metal pans and then transferred to the gold Ke'arot pans upon its removal from the oven, where it would remain until Shabbos day when it was placed on the Shulchan.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> | * '''Pans / Ke'arot''' - These were template pans shaped like the Lechem HaPanim,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29">Rashi Shemos 25:29</ref> used hold it after it was baked, so it's shape would not ruin. The Lechem HaPanim was baked each Friday in metal pans and then transferred to the gold Ke'arot pans upon its removal from the oven, where it would remain until Shabbos day when it was placed on the Shulchan.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> | ||
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* '''Spoons / Kappot''' - Two small bowls with handles used to hold the two handfuls of pure Frankincens.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> Each one was placed above one column containing six loaves of Lechem Hapanim.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> | * '''Spoons / Kappot''' - Two small bowls with handles used to hold the two handfuls of pure Frankincens.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> Each one was placed above one column containing six loaves of Lechem Hapanim.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> | ||
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* '''Bars / Kashtot''' - Half round, hollow bars made out of gold that were slightly longer then six tefachim,<ref>Shover Zadim Parashat Terumah</ref> the length of the Lechem Hapanim. These were inserted as spacers below each of the Lechem Hapanim loaves, allowing them to rest upon them,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> aside from the bottom row that rested upon the actual tabletop. Their tips were held in small niches carved into the sides of the Minakiyot, to help them support the weight of the bread and to prevent the lower loaves from getting crushed.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> Three Kashtot bars were inserted between each loaf,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> aside for the highest row that only had two on each column since there was not much weight placed on them. This totaled 3 bars x 4 rows + 2 bars for highest row x 2 columns = 28 bars.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto - Footnotes</ref> The Kashtot allowed air to circulate in-between the loaves by providing space between them so they would not touch each other and mold.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> Although the bread miraculously never molded in the Temples or Mishkan, they were not allowed to rely on miracles and a system had to be set up that could work according to the laws of nature.<ref>Shover Zadim Parashat Terumah</ref> | * '''Bars / Kashtot''' - Half round, hollow bars made out of gold that were slightly longer then six tefachim,<ref>Shover Zadim Parashat Terumah</ref> the length of the Lechem Hapanim. These were inserted as spacers below each of the Lechem Hapanim loaves, allowing them to rest upon them,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> aside from the bottom row that rested upon the actual tabletop. Their tips were held in small niches carved into the sides of the Minakiyot, to help them support the weight of the bread and to prevent the lower loaves from getting crushed.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> Three Kashtot bars were inserted between each loaf,<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> aside for the highest row that only had two on each column since there was not much weight placed on them. This totaled 3 bars x 4 rows + 2 bars for highest row x 2 columns = 28 bars.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto - Footnotes</ref> The Kashtot allowed air to circulate in-between the loaves by providing space between them so they would not touch each other and mold.<ref name="Rashi Shemos 25:29"/> Although the bread miraculously never molded in the Temples or Mishkan, they were not allowed to rely on miracles and a system had to be set up that could work according to the laws of nature.<ref>Shover Zadim Parashat Terumah</ref> | ||
− | * '''Support Boards / Minakiyot''' - Also called 'Snifim', were large, gold, 3.5 cubit tall, vertical support boards that began on the floor and reached the full height of the six layered | + | |
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+ | * '''Support Boards / Minakiyot''' - Also called 'Snifim', were large, gold, 3.5 cubit tall, vertical support boards that began on the floor and reached the full height of the six layered stackes of Lechem HaPanim. There were four boards, one on each side of the two columns. They contained 28 niches to help support the Kashtot bars.<ref>Rashi Kipsuto</ref> | ||
==Menorah== | ==Menorah== |