Uman Rosh Hashana
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− | + | An annual pilgrimage of the Breslov Chasidim to the grave of their founder, [[Rebbe-Nachman-of-Breslev|Rebbe Nachman]] in Uman, Ukraine during the Jewish holiday of [[Rosh Hashanah]]. Originally the gathering took place during the life of Rebbe Nachman and was later continued by his student Rebbe Nasson after his masters death. In recent years an average of 40,000 Jews attend the gathering each Rosh Hashana. | |
==Rebbe Nachman== | ==Rebbe Nachman== | ||
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===Tikkun Haklali=== | ===Tikkun Haklali=== | ||
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===The Promise=== | ===The Promise=== | ||
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===The Rosh Hashana Kibutz=== | ===The Rosh Hashana Kibutz=== | ||
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===Shticha on Kever=== | ===Shticha on Kever=== | ||
===Children before Age Seven=== | ===Children before Age Seven=== | ||
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==Tickets and Flights== | ==Tickets and Flights== | ||
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===Charters vs. Set Flights=== | ===Charters vs. Set Flights=== | ||
− | + | Often the leading travel agencies book charter flights where they control all the seats. These charter flights are often cheaper then set flights but are less reliable, they often are more likely to be subject to delays and mistreatment. Additionally travelers using charter flights do not return via the regular terminals in Odessa and Kiev, instead they are forced to use makeshift tent terminal in back of these airports. There they are often made to wait for long periods in the freezing cold and are subject to much mistreatment. Some chasidim prefer to use the charter flights since they do not allow women on them and make it easier for them to guard their eyes from immodesty. | |
===Airports=== | ===Airports=== | ||
− | + | Kiev and Odessa are the two main airports used to travel to Uman, both are 3.5 to 4 hours away. Recently flights started arriving in the new Vinnitsa, which is only 2 hours away, and are increasing by the year. Transportation from the airports to Uman is either via private Ukrainian drivers or through vans, organized by Uman Express and Euro Pnim. In early years most visitors who could not afford the private taxis would travel in large buses organized by the travel agencies. Use of buses has greatly decreased since the innovation of the faster and more efficient vans. | |
===Free and Discounted Tickets=== | ===Free and Discounted Tickets=== | ||
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====Nachali Eytanim==== | ====Nachali Eytanim==== | ||
Nachlay Atanim is run by Shuvu Banim, sometimes they offer discounted and subsidized tickets but are not reliable and sometimes cancel a little before Rosh Hashana. | Nachlay Atanim is run by Shuvu Banim, sometimes they offer discounted and subsidized tickets but are not reliable and sometimes cancel a little before Rosh Hashana. | ||
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====Self Booked Tickets==== | ====Self Booked Tickets==== | ||
Some people prefer to avoid the Charadi travel agencies and prefer to book tickets via the internet or regular travel agents. This opens up many more options including stopovers in Egypt, Poland, Romania and Turkey which and drastically lower the overpriced fares. | Some people prefer to avoid the Charadi travel agencies and prefer to book tickets via the internet or regular travel agents. This opens up many more options including stopovers in Egypt, Poland, Romania and Turkey which and drastically lower the overpriced fares. | ||
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===Visas=== | ===Visas=== | ||
For years travelers from Israel had to pay an extra visa fee to the Ukrainian government, while visitors from other countries such as the USA were exempt. Due to negotiations between Israel and the Ukraine the visa fee was abolished and in recent years it no longer had to be paid. | For years travelers from Israel had to pay an extra visa fee to the Ukrainian government, while visitors from other countries such as the USA were exempt. Due to negotiations between Israel and the Ukraine the visa fee was abolished and in recent years it no longer had to be paid. | ||
==Schedule== | ==Schedule== | ||
− | There is no set schedule in Uman and no one enforcing it. There is however a rough routine that has developed based on Breslov customs, Halacha, initiations of the Uman committees and practices that developed over the years | + | There is no set schedule in Uman and no one enforcing it. There is however a rough routine that has developed based on Breslov customs, Halacha, initiations of the Uman committees and practices that developed over the years. |
===Zechor Bris=== | ===Zechor Bris=== | ||
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===Erev Rosh Hashana=== | ===Erev Rosh Hashana=== | ||
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====Tikkun Klali==== | ====Tikkun Klali==== | ||
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====Viduy Devarim==== | ====Viduy Devarim==== | ||
The concept of Viduty Devarim - Confession of sins in front of a Tzadik is very stressed in the Breslev teachings and was practiced by Rabbi Nachman and his followers for a certain period of time. Most people agree that nowadays it can not be done in front of a live rabbi but only silently at the Kever of a big Tzadik. While Vidoy Devarim can be done any time, it customary to do so at Rebbe Nachman's tziyun on Erev Rosh Hashana. Some people choose to confess their sins in their own words. Others who find it hard to organize their thoughts and words tend to use the abridged vidoy composed by Rabbi Yitzchok Briter along with the viduy of Rabbi Nissim Gaon. In recent years the Nanachs have published an expanded confession manual based on the many teaching of Rabbi Nachman and his students. | The concept of Viduty Devarim - Confession of sins in front of a Tzadik is very stressed in the Breslev teachings and was practiced by Rabbi Nachman and his followers for a certain period of time. Most people agree that nowadays it can not be done in front of a live rabbi but only silently at the Kever of a big Tzadik. While Vidoy Devarim can be done any time, it customary to do so at Rebbe Nachman's tziyun on Erev Rosh Hashana. Some people choose to confess their sins in their own words. Others who find it hard to organize their thoughts and words tend to use the abridged vidoy composed by Rabbi Yitzchok Briter along with the viduy of Rabbi Nissim Gaon. In recent years the Nanachs have published an expanded confession manual based on the many teaching of Rabbi Nachman and his students. | ||
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====Mikvah==== | ====Mikvah==== | ||
Most visitors to Uman are daily Mikva users, however even those that are not will immerse on Erev Rosh Hashana. Most people immerse in the main Uman mikvah or in one of the smaller one but some people prefer to immerse in the local lake or river since they offer a higher level of purity. | Most visitors to Uman are daily Mikva users, however even those that are not will immerse on Erev Rosh Hashana. Most people immerse in the main Uman mikvah or in one of the smaller one but some people prefer to immerse in the local lake or river since they offer a higher level of purity. | ||
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===First Night=== | ===First Night=== | ||
===First Day=== | ===First Day=== | ||
− | + | ===Tashlich=== | |
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===Second Night=== | ===Second Night=== | ||
===Second Day=== | ===Second Day=== | ||
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====Hotels==== | ====Hotels==== | ||
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====Camping Tents==== | ====Camping Tents==== | ||
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====Purchased Apartments==== | ====Purchased Apartments==== | ||
====Villas==== | ====Villas==== | ||
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===Watching Items=== | ===Watching Items=== | ||
===Food and Meals=== | ===Food and Meals=== | ||
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===Shatnez=== | ===Shatnez=== | ||
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===Booths=== | ===Booths=== | ||
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===Local Market=== | ===Local Market=== | ||
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==Minyanim== | ==Minyanim== | ||
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===Breslov Niggunim=== | ===Breslov Niggunim=== | ||
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===Singing=== | ===Singing=== | ||
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==Kohanim== | ==Kohanim== | ||
− | + | There is a long on going debate of whether Cohanim are allowed to visit the graves of Tzadikim since they do not carry impurity. Some people say it is permitted, others say it is a Biblical transgression for Kohanim to do so. This is further complicated in situation like the Kever of Rebbe Nachman that is located in middle of a cemetery, surrounded by many other graves of which many are not Tzadikim. Yet there were many Kohanim that still would visit the Tziyon itself, causing controversy. | |
Initially a small ramp was built for kohanim which led to a small room in back of the Tziyun using Halachic technology to prevent the transfer of impurity, this allowed Kohanim to get relatively close to the Tziyon with out any worries. Recently the old ramp was removed allowing for the expansion of the Nanach minyan behind the Tziyun. In its place a large bridge was built from the entrants of the Gabbi Mikvah to center of the outside half of the Tziyun. A large split was then created in the roof of the outside part of the Tziyun running across its entire length, Halachicly separating 80% of the room and making it permissible for use by Cohanim. | Initially a small ramp was built for kohanim which led to a small room in back of the Tziyun using Halachic technology to prevent the transfer of impurity, this allowed Kohanim to get relatively close to the Tziyon with out any worries. Recently the old ramp was removed allowing for the expansion of the Nanach minyan behind the Tziyun. In its place a large bridge was built from the entrants of the Gabbi Mikvah to center of the outside half of the Tziyun. A large split was then created in the roof of the outside part of the Tziyun running across its entire length, Halachicly separating 80% of the room and making it permissible for use by Cohanim. | ||
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==History of the Uman Gathering== | ==History of the Uman Gathering== | ||
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==Kivrei Tzadikim== | ==Kivrei Tzadikim== | ||
Many visitor to Uman often try to visit other [[Kivrei Tzadikim]] during their trip to the Ukraine. Locally they visit the Kevraim of Rabbi Shimshon Barskey and Rabbi Avraham Chazan. Often visitors will travel to Rebbe Nasson, the Baal Shem Tov, Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev and return to Uman, a route that takes 18 hours. Some visitors will only go to part of the three or do it on their way to or from the Kiev or Vinnitsa airports to save time. | Many visitor to Uman often try to visit other [[Kivrei Tzadikim]] during their trip to the Ukraine. Locally they visit the Kevraim of Rabbi Shimshon Barskey and Rabbi Avraham Chazan. Often visitors will travel to Rebbe Nasson, the Baal Shem Tov, Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev and return to Uman, a route that takes 18 hours. Some visitors will only go to part of the three or do it on their way to or from the Kiev or Vinnitsa airports to save time. | ||
===New Jewish Cemetery=== | ===New Jewish Cemetery=== | ||
− | + | The entire area around the Rebbe Nachman's Kever is the 'Old Cemetery'. On the bottom of the hill a little past the lake on the right side of the road is the 'New Jewish Cemetery'. This cemetery was almost completely razed during WWII and the following communist reign. It now appears like an empty field. Based on the testimonies of elderly locals the approximate locations of the graves of [[Rabbi Shimshon Barsky|Rabbi Shimshon Barsky]] and Rabbi Avraham ben Nachman Chazan were established and Matzavous were erected. Also buried in this cemetery are Rabbi Elyakim Getzel, Rabbi Naftali a main disciple of Rebbe Nachman, Rabbi Nachman Chaylus a grandson of Rabbi Nachman, Rabbi Yosef Yonah the youngest son of Rebbe Nasson and Rabbi Nachman Tulshiner one of Rebbe Nasson's main students. A memorial was also built for the 3,000 Jews that were murdered by locals during 1919 and buried in the cemetery in a mass grave. | |
===House of Rebbe Nachman=== | ===House of Rebbe Nachman=== | ||
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<gallery widths=180px heights=100px perrow=4 caption="Uman Rosh Hashana Photo Gallery"> | <gallery widths=180px heights=100px perrow=4 caption="Uman Rosh Hashana Photo Gallery"> | ||
File:00000108 breslov yeshiva students trip uman.jpg|Group of Breslov Yeshiva students on the way to Uman. | File:00000108 breslov yeshiva students trip uman.jpg|Group of Breslov Yeshiva students on the way to Uman. | ||
+ | File:00000109 makshift minyan kiev tent terminal.jpg|Minyon in Keiv tent terminal. | ||
File:00000110 breslovers uman ben gurion checkin.jpg|Checkin at Ben Gurion. | File:00000110 breslovers uman ben gurion checkin.jpg|Checkin at Ben Gurion. | ||
File:00000111 ben gurion airport trip uman.jpg|Passing through Ben Gurion. | File:00000111 ben gurion airport trip uman.jpg|Passing through Ben Gurion. | ||
+ | File:00000262 kiev passport control returning from uman.jpg | ||
File:00000772 leaving uman after rosh hashana.jpg | File:00000772 leaving uman after rosh hashana.jpg | ||
+ | File:00000773 kohanim bridge uman.jpg | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
[[Category:Breslov]] | [[Category:Breslov]] | ||
[[Category:Kivray Tzadikim]] | [[Category:Kivray Tzadikim]] |